Biofuels in the US, is it a necessity? Why crude oil imports to total crude oil consumption declined from 58 to 25%? Why cultivation of wheat and other food crops declined by ~14%?   Traditionally, agriculture has been practised to cultivate crops and for animal husbandry to meet the food requirement. However, with technological advancements crops are...

The US and Brazil are the world’s largest ethanol fuel producer and together contribute around 85.1% of the global fuel ethanol production (2016). They are also the major fuel ethanol consumers globally due to the prominent use of ethanol, as a substitute for gasoline in these nations. The ethanol consumption accounts for roughly ~10% of total gasoline consumption in the US. Additionally,...

Brazil is the second largest producer and consumer of ethanol, accounting for one-third of the global ethanol production and ethanol consumption. In Brazil, ethanol utilises sugarcane as feedstock. The emergence of the ethanol industry in Brazil dates back to 1930s when the ethanol was blended with gasoline in order to accommodate fluctuations in sugar demand coupled with a need to reduce...

The ethanol produced from biomass is used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, beverages, fuel additive, etc. In the past few decades and especially in the last ten years it has emerged as an alternative source of clean fuel across the world due to its favourable blending qualities with gasoline. This includes a high octane number, high oxygenation, lower GHG emissions and...

Consumption pattern for lithium Availability and recycling of lithium Li-ion vs. lead-acid batteries   The world is moving towards green environment and acknowledge the carbon footprints. The use of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries to power electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining more acceptance with the passage of time. Lithium technology is well accepted as a...

Overview on the industry Increase in demand for fuel cell powered vehicles Fuelling infrastructure will play a crucial role in deciding the future of the industry   Fuel cells are alternative energy solutions, which convert chemical into electrical energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen. The fuel cell industry witnessed a significant transformation in the past...